Evaluation of the repeated exposure of hexaflumuron on liver and spleen tissues and its mutagenicity ability in male albino rat

Background: Hexaflumuron (HFM) is an insect growth regulator (IGR); it is highly effective against a wide range of pests. Aim of the work: Due to the lack of toxicological assessments of this insecticide especially the formulation type, the objective of the present study was aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of repeated exposure of HFM formulation on adult albino rats. Materials and methods: Three groups were administered daily by gavage for (28 days) at dose of 11, 4, and 2.5 mg/kg b.wt respectively. In addition to control group. Results: The results of acute toxicity indicated HFM exhibited moderate to some extent high toxicity toward the treated rats. Slight tremors and bleeding from nose were observed. The repeated exposure results revealed the high and middle doses exhibited methemoglobinemia. Also, the HFM treatment led to increase in AST and ALT levels. The urea and creatinine levels were not significantly increased except the level of creatinine in high dose. According to the histopathological findings the middle and low doses of HFM revealed greater injurious in liver and spleen tissues than induced by high dose. HFM induced a statistically significant increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency in a dose-dependent manner compared with a negative control group. Conclusion: So, it is obvious the middle and low doses induced damage in the liver and spleen organs while the high dose induced damage in blood, bone marrow, and kidney organs

Biométrie hepato-splenique a l'imagerie ultrasonore de l'enfant noir africain: exemple du Togo

Objectif : Etablir les normes biometriques hepatosplenique a l'echographie selon l'age; la taille et le poids des enfants togolais.Materiels et methodes : Etude transversale colligeant 290 enfants des deux sexes (156 garcons et 134 filles) de 0 a 15 ans.Resultats : Les dimensions du foie et de la rate croissaient avec l'age et le poids mais cette croissance globalement n'etait pas statistiquement significative (p0;05). Ces dimensions fortement correlees a la taille; evoluaient statiquement significative (p0.05) avec elle. A partir de 11 ans; ces dimensions augmentaient tres peu et leurs normes etaient superposables a quelques millimetres pres a celles des adultes.Le grand axe du foie etait sensiblement egal a 1;5 fois la hauteur du rein droit et la longueur cranio-caudale de la rate voisine de la hauteur du rein gauche.Les limites hautes par tranche d'age; au dela desquelles une hepatomegalie ou une splenomegalie est plausible etaient consignees dans un abaque.La courbe de variation du grand axe du foie et de la rate en fonction de la taille des enfants etaient quasiment lineaire et pouvait etre exprime par une equation de droite : y

Toluene Diisocyanate-Linked Ocupational Airflow Obstruction and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Patterns among Foam Makers

This study looked at the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction; and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) variation between production workers and control workers (both inside and outside work; linked to the foam-making industry at Onitsha; south -east Nigeria. A cross-sectional case control study was conducted among 199 randomly selected workers from five major foam companies.Subjects were grouped into exposed (production workers) and control; and a modified structured four-part Guidelines for Health Surveillance for Isocyanates questionnaire was administered. The workers had their PEFR values individually assessed during work on Friday and before resumption of work the following Monday morning for a period of 6 months. A total of 199 subjects were recruited (129 production workers; 70 control workers). There was a higher proportion of respiratory symptoms among the exposed group (53) compared with the controls (34) (p0.02). It was concluded that airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms are common among workers in foam industries exposed to toluene diisocyanate

Reduced Thyrotropin in Euthyroid Goitrous Patients Suggesting Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

B a c k g r o u n d : Subclinical hypertyhroidism; a biochemical finding of low serum thyrotropin (TSH) with the serum levels of thyroxine (T4 ) and triiodothyronine (T3) within the reference range; could easily be ignored by clinicians; as it; usually; does not manifest with any thyroid specific symptoms. It is of two types : endogenous and exogenous. However; patients with the findings of low TSH; normal T4 and T3 develop some abnormalities in the cardiovascular system; such as atrial fibrillation; increasein left ventricular mass and diastolic dysfunction. It is believed that treatment intervention may reduce or halt the progression of the cardiac abnormalities. The main objective of the study was to determine how frequent subclinical hyperthyroidism was occurs and to serve as a reminder to the existence of the disorder. Methods : It was a hospital-based study carried out at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Consecutive clinically euthyroid goitre patients attending the outpatient department of JUTH; were studied for various parameters including TSH; T4 and T3. The serum concentrations of T4 and T3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The serum TSH concentration was estimated using a 2nd generation ELISA technique. Results : 98 patients participated in the study. Nine patients had non-specific symptoms not referable to the thyroid and found to have high levels of thyroid hormone concentration with depressed TSH and were excluded from further analysis; while 7 had subclinical hyperthyroidism giving a prevalence rate of 7.9among these clinical euthyroid goitre patients. The subjects with this condition were mainly above 60 years of age and mainly had long-standing goitre. Conclusion: Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism was present in 7.9of these clinically euthyroid goitre patients mainly 60 years and above; with long - standing goitre. This high prevalence rate calls for high index of suspicion as this condition is associated with morbidities that can raise mortality

Effects of blood pressure and blood pressure reactivity on experimental pain in healthy females

The study investigated whether the relationship between sex and experimental pain report was explained by blood pressure at rest; or during pain task; or both in healthy; young adult females. Univariate analyses indicated significant positive correlation between baseline systolic blood pressure; systolic blood pressure reactivity; and heart rate reactivity ; but not baseline diastolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure reactivity; heart rate; weight; height and pain sensitivity. However none of the positively correlated parameters could significantly predict pain threshold or pain tolerance

Splenectomie au cours des maladies drépanocytaires et thalassemiques chez l'enfant au CHU de Yopougon: indications et évolutions post opératoire

La splenectomie est indiquee dans le traitement de certaines complications evolutives des hemoglobinopathies majeures. Chez l'enfant la rate intervient dans l'immunisation et son ablation expose a des infections severes. PATIENTS ET METHODE : 14 dossiers medicaux d'enfants operes de juillet 1991 a septembre 2004 pour splenomegalie sur rate hematologique ont ete analyses retrospectivement. Ont ete inclus; les enfants de 0 15 ans des deux sexes pour lesquels le dossier comportait un hemogramme pre operatoire; post operatoire immediat et un mois post operatoire. Tous les enfants operes avaient une anti biotherapie post operatoire et une couverture vaccinale. Il dossiers avaient ete exploitables pour l'etude. AU PLAN EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE : L'age moyen etait de 9;2 ans avec des extremes de 6 et 13 ans. Le sex ratio etait de 1;75 (4 filles pour 7 garcons); la taille n'a pu etre etudie pour manque de donnees. AU PLAN DIAGNOSTIC : La splenomegalie etait de type III dans 73pour cent des cas; l'anemie etait presente chez tous nos patients; 72;3pour cent des patients avaient une drepanocytose majeure. L'hypersplenisme etait la principale indication. AU PLAN THERAPEUTIQUE : La frequence annuelle de transfusion avant la splenectomie etait de 6. La splenectomie totale avait ete realisee chez enfants porteurs de drepanocytose majeure; la splenectomie partielle etait realisee chez les enfants porteurs de thalassemie. Toutes les splenectomies ont ete realisees par la voie transversale sus ombilicale gauche. Le poids moyen des rates operees etait de 783g. AU PLAN EVOLUTIF : L'augmentation du nombre de globules rouges et du taux d'hemoglobine etait significative. La frequence annuelle de transfusion etait de 3 dans le post operatoire. L'incidence des sepsis etait de 27;3pour cent apres une splenectomie totale. Aucune infection n'a ete observee apres splenectomie partielle. Deux recidives d'anemie chronique etait observees apres splenectomie partielle. La mortalite etait nulle

Distribution parenchymateuse de l'artere splenique

Notre travail est une etude prospective qui a porte sur 30 cas d'analyse d'arteres spleniques par la methode de dissection et d'injection corrosion sur une periode de 6 mois allant d'avril a aout 2003. L'objectif est de connaitre la distribution parenchymateuse de l'artere splenique et ses applications dans la chirurgie de la rate. Ainsi il ressort de notre etude que : -Sur 30 rates etudiees; l'artere splenique s'est divisee en 2 branches terminales dans 76;67pour cent des cas. -Le mode de division chirurgicale en Y couche qui correspond aux types hilaire etale et disperse du mode de division anatomique a ete observe dans une proportion de 86;67pour cent. -Dans 73;33pour cent des cas; l'arbre arteriel splenique a donne une serie d'arborisations a 3 etages. -Les anastomoses intra parenchymateuses ont ete observees dans 30pour cent des cas et uniquement au niveau des arteres sous segmentaires. -Des arteres polaires superieures et inferieures ont ete presentes respectivement dans 10pour cent et 30pour cent des cas. -Les plans inter lobaires et inter segmentaires ont ete notes avasculaires respectivement dans 90pour cent et 60pour cent des cas. Au total cette distribution est favorable a la chirurgie conservatrice de la rate

Sonographic splenic sizes in normal adult nigerian population

This study aimed to establish ultrasonic splenic dimensions which can be used as normogram for adult Nigerians. 250 adult subjects were scanned prospectively using a 3.5MHZ ultrasound sector probe. The splenic length; width and thickness were btained in the supine position and the weight calculated using Downey's formula. Differences in splenic dimensions were determined using Z test; while the relationship between the splenic dimension and the subjects age; BMI; and height were analysed using Pearson Moment Correlation. The normal splenic sizes obtained ranged from 9.9 -11.5cm (length - L); 6.0-7.5cm (Width W) and 4.0- 4.5cm (thickness -T). The splenic dimensions for males were 11.1 + 0.7cm (L); 7.3 + 0.2cm (w) and 4.2+ 0.2cm (T). The corresponding values for females were 10.6 + 0.7cm; 6.8 + 0.5cm and 4.2 + 0.2cm respectively; thus showing a statistically significant difference between the males and females (P 0.05). A poor correlation was shown to exist between splenic dimensions and age but splenic weight increased with body weight (r0.05); the maximum splenic weights t occurred in the 4 decade in Nigerians nd and in the 2 decade in Caucasians. This finding appears to bear credence to existing opinion by Chauhan et al that splenic recession rather than splenomegaly is prevalent in adults living in endemic falciparum zones. Statistically significant differences between splenic length and weights of the sexes have been established by the study. The good correlation between subject height and splenic length portends profound options of predicating subjects splenic size and matching his ultrasound values with this predicted splenic length (SPL = 1.2 + 0.063)

A review of non-operative treatment of splenic trauma

From January 1984 to June 1992; a period of 8.5 years; 60 patients with splenic trauma were treated in Lacor Hospital. The spleen trauma was managed conseratively in 47(78) of the patients. OF these; 36 patients(60) were not operated upon. Eleven (18) were operated upon but nine (15) patients had exploratory laporatomy only without sleen manipulation and in two splenic repair was performed. Thirteen (22) patients had splenectomy. In the non-operative group; reccurrent or rebleeding was detected in one patient and delayed bleeding occurred in five patients (8). Overall mortality rate was five (8); two (3) occurring in splenic salvage and three (5) in splenoctomized patients. It is concluded that with availability of facilities and personnel; in selected cases of blunt splenic trauma; splenic conservation is safe but requires close monitoring

Fine needle aspiration of the spleen at the Yaounde Central Hospital

The aim of the study was to find out if the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the spleen is feasible in our milieu. The technic was used in 5 patients with splenomegaly and without a precise disgnosis; at the Yaounde Central Hospital. The aspirated sample was submitted to a cytological examination that showed lymphomatous lymphoblastic cells in 3 patients and normal lymphoid cells in 2. Fine needle aspiration of the spleen is feasible in our milieu under certain conditions. Hemorrage which is its main complication was not observed in our study of 5 patients

Aspects epidemiologiques et diagnostiques de traumatismes de la rate au CHU de Brazzaville : a propos de 70 cas

Les auteurs rapportent 70 cas de traumatismes de la rate observes dans le service de chirurgie digestive du CHU de Brazzaville de mars 1988 a fevrier 1994. Actuellement; les traumatismes de la rate sont en nette progression et l'exode rural; le chomage en sont les plus grands pourvoyeurs. Ces 70 cas representent 32 pour cent des 218 traumatises de l'abdomen sur 5.143 malades hospitalises soit 1;36 pour cent. C'est une population jeune et l'age moyen est de 25 ans. La tranche d'age la plus touchee est celle de 15 a 35 ans (92;85 pour cent). On compte 50 hommes et 20 femmes. Les facteurs etiologiques sont tres varies mais les agressions par rixes et conflits conjugaux predominent par rapport aux accidents de la voie publique; aux chutes en hauteur et aux plaies abdominales. Le diagnostic d'hemoperitoine avant tout clinique a ete confirme dans 46 cas par ponction lavage du peritoine et dans 20 cas par echographie abdominale

Traitement des traumatismes de la rate

Les traumatismes de la rate ont quelques fois pose de difficiles problemes de diagnostic et d'indications operatoires pour le chirurgien generaliste. Ces dernieres annees; deux grandes tendances se degagent de nombreuses publications consacrees a ce sujet : une precision diagnostique de plus en plus grande liee a l'amelioration des techniques d'imagerie medicale; et une attitude therapeutique de moins en moins agressive; c'est-a-dire de moins chirurgicale; liee egalement a la precision du diagnostic et a un meilleur suivi des patients. Devant l'engouement que peut susciter cette derniere tendance therapeutique chez les chirurgiens des milieux sous-equipes comme ceux du Zaire; il a paru interessant de faire une mise au point afin de degager l'attitude therapeutique la mieux adaptee a cet environnement